International Day of Peace — 21 September
United Nations. Official observance page; use for establishment history and annual themes.
Sources
Prioritizes UN, archives, libraries, universities, and recognized institutions. No AI-generated citations presented as real; no invented statistics.
General Assembly Resolution 36/67: International Day of Peace
United Nations General Assembly. Resolution establishing the observance.
General Assembly Resolution 55/282: International Day of Peace
United Nations General Assembly. Fixed date as 21 September; day of non-violence and cease-fire.
Charter of the United Nations
United Nations.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
United Nations General Assembly.
What is peacekeeping?
UN Peacekeeping.
UN Peacemaker — Peace Agreements Database
UN Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs.
IHL Databases — International Humanitarian Law
International Committee of the Red Cross.
Nobel Peace Prize — Facts and laureates
Nobel Prize Organisation.
Perpetual Peace — Kant
Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Gandhi — Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Leo Tolstoy — Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Culture of Peace
UNESCO.
Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocols
International Committee of the Red Cross.
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT)
United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs.
Letter from a Birmingham Jail — King
Library of Congress / Stanford King Papers. Use Stanford King Institute for full text context.
Letter from Birmingham City Jail
Stanford Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute.
Hague Peace Conferences (1899 and 1907)
Permanent Court of Arbitration.
The Covenant of the League of Nations
League of Nations / UN Library Geneva.
Peace of Westphalia
Encyclopaedia Britannica.